Bulgaria, 1338-1355 AD., Ioan Alexander, Grosh, R. 2237.
Bulgaria, Ioan Alexander (1331-1371), Turnovo mint, second chronological phase, ca. 1338 - 1355 AD.,
Silver Grosh (19-20 mm / 1,43 g), imitation of Byzantine coin type Basilikon,
Obv.: Christ standing facing in front of low throne without back. Nimbate, wearing hiton and sindon, both hands raised in benediction. XC - IC -initials above, monogram AΛЄ in l. field, reverse monogram IW in r. field..
Rev.: Tsar Ioan Alexander on l., and his son Michael on r., holding between them standard on long shaft. Both of them holding stemma with prependoulias , divitision with maniakion, loros and cruciger scepter. Monograms AΛЄ in l. and IW in r. on the upper end of the shaft, two stars on the lower end. Letters bB ("blagoveren" - faithful to God) in l. field, MXΛ -monogram (for Michael) in r. field..
http://www.orthodoxcoins.com/bul/index.php?l=en&s=7&t=30 ; R. 2237 ; cf. Sear 2402 .
A Bulgarian imitation of Byzantine silver coins of Andronicos II and Michael IX.
The basilikon (Greek: βασιλικόν, "imperial [coin]"), commonly also referred to as the doukaton (δουκάτον), was a widely circulated Byzantine silver coin of the first half of the 14th century. Its introduction marked the return to a wide-scale use of silver coinage in the Byzantine Empire, and presaged the total abandonment of the gold coins around the middle of the century.
The basilikon was introduced shortly before 1304 by Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328), chiefly to pay the mercenaries of the Catalan Company, in direct imitation of the Venetian silver ducat or grosso. The Byzantine coin closely followed the iconography of the Venetian model, with a seated Christ on the obverse and on the two standing figures of Andronikos II and his son and co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos (r. 1294–1320) substituting St. Mark and the Doge of Venice in the reverse. The similarity was reinforced by the naming itself: the ducato, the "coin of the doge" became the basilikon, the "coin of the basileus", although the contemporary Greek sources usually call both doukaton.
The basilikon was of high-grade silver (.920), flat and not concave (scyphate) as other Byzantine coins, weighing 2.2 grams and officially traded at a rate of 1 to 12 with the gold hyperpyron or two keratia, the traditional rate for Byzantine silver coinage since the days of the hexagram and the miliaresion. The actual rate however was usually lower, and fluctuated depending on the changing price of silver: contemporary sources indicate actual rates of 12.5, 13 or 15 basilika to the hyperpyron. Examples of half-basilika are also known to have been minted.
In the 1330s and 1340s however the basilikon's weight was much reduced, as a result of a silver shortage affecting all of Europe and the Mediterranean, falling to 1.25 grams by the late 1340s. It ceased to be struck in the 1350s, and was replaced ca. 1367 with the new, heavier stavraton.