Feuardent doesn't explain the symbolism, but calls this jeton (F 1939) "rare" and mentions an almost identical jeton dated 1692, signed "R." Gadoury (1991) lists it at 70 FF in TB, which would seem to argue for a common piece. Mitchener (Vol. 2, p. 1061, #3202) says "The jetons de presence of this year, 1692, show the king's portrait engraved by Roettier (Feu. note to no. 1939)" so no more info about the symbolism there either. It is in the section entitled Tresor Royale. (Thanks to "frank" and "elverno" for these details).
The engraver Jacques Nilis was active during 1688-1693.
Aerarium (from Latin "aes", in its derived sense of "money") was the name (in full, "aerarium stabulum" - treasure-house) given in Ancient Rome to the public treasury, and in a secondary sense to the public finances.