Trajan, Rome mint, 103-111 AD.,
As (ø 27 mm / 10,16 g), copper (verified by filing at the edge), axes coin alignment ↑↓ (ca. 180°), varnished,
Obv.: [IMP CAES NERVAE TR]AIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P , laureate head of Traian right.
Rev.: S P [Q R OP]TIMO PRINCIPI / S C , decorated oval shield; behind, two spears, sword, vexillum and oblong shield hexagonal in shape.
RIC II, p. 285, no. 584 var. (aegis) (rated common) ; Coh. 569 (aegis) ; cf. BMC 949 .
This type is part of a series commemorating Trajan’s victories over the Dacians, who he had vanquished now for a second time. The pile of arms displayed on the reverse is clearly identifiable as barbarian in origin. The Dacians were similarly equipped to contemporary Celtic tribes and Roman auxiliaries, and favoured shields that were flat or only slightly dished, usually oval but sometimes hexagonal in shape, and capable of covering most or all of the body for use in a shieldwall.