1460-1465 AD., Scotland, James III, issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St. Andrews, Penny, S. 5311.
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Scotland, James III (1460-1488), Ecclesiastical issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St Andrews, 1460-1465 AD.,
(Plack or "Crosraguel") Penny (19-20 mm / 1,79 g), billon or bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↙ (ca. 220°),
Obv.: + IAC[O]BVS: DЄI: GRA RЄX , rosette (thistle?) in centre of orb, within two beaded inner circles, double saltire stops.
Rev.: + CRVX: PЄLLIT: OIЄ: CRI: , Latin cross with tressure of four arcs, stars in angles, all within beaded inner circle.
S. 5311 ; SHRT - .
Peter ("Figleaf") added: "CRVX PELLIT OIE CRI should have been crvx pellit omne crimen - the cross drives out all crime. Medieval church dignitaries were not always known for correct latin or correct coins. It is still not clear if James Kennedy had royal permission to issue these coins. What is very clear is that the coins were quite underweight. They were banned, but the owners were not compensated. The outlaw coins became an international currency as the fishermen of East Scotland, where the coins had been issued, sailed before the wind, ending up in North Sea ports from Denmark to France. At least there, their coins were worth a little something as they were accepted by weight."
"Ukrainii Pyat": "Curiously most of these coins are found near the Crosraguel Abbey in Scotland where it is conjectured they were minted. At any rate they were only in circulation for a very short time and were never mentioned in Scottish records from authorised coinages which is what leads experts to believe they were made ecclesiastically."
from the wiki pages:
James Kennedy (Scottish Gaelic: Seumas Ceanadach) (ca. 1408–1465) was a 15th-century Bishop of Dunkeld (Dunkeld (Scots: Dunkell, from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland) and Bishop of St. Andrews, who participated in the Council of Florence and was the last man to govern the diocese of St. Andrews purely as bishop. One of the Gaelic clan of Carrick he became the principal figure in the government of the minority of King James II of Scotland as well as founder of St Salvator's College, St Andrews.
He was the third and youngest son of Sir James Kennedy of Dunure, Ayrshire, and Princess Mary of Scotland, widow of the 1st Earl of Angus and second daughter of King Robert III of Scotland. His eldest brother was Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy. James was born about 1408, and was sent to the continent to complete his studies in canon law and theology.
He was a canon and sub-deacon of Dunkeld until his provision and election to that see on 1 July 1437, after the death of Domhnall MacNeachdainn, the last elected bishop who died on his way to obtain consecration from the Pope. He received consecration in 1438, the following year.
He set himself to reform abuses, and attended the general council of Florence, in order to obtain authority from Pope Eugenius IV for his contemplated reforms. Eugenius did not encourage him in his schemes, but gave him the presentation to the abbacy of Scone in commendam. Bishop James, however, was not Bishop of Dunkeld for long.
The death of Henry Wardlaw left the bishopric of St Andrews, the most prestigious Scottish see, vacant, and it was James who was postulated to the vacancy. This occurred while James was at the court of Pope Eugenius IV, busy at Florence on the historical Council of Florence. However, before royal letters arrived bearing news of James' election, the Pope had already provided his translation to the see. Formal translation took place on 8 June 1440. He was an active and successful bishop. He celebrated his first mass in his St Andrews Cathedral on 30 September 1442, and at once resumed his efforts in reform. During the minority of James II, Kennedy took a leading part in political affairs, and was frequently able to reconcile contending noblemen.
He was made Chancellor of Scotland in May 1444 after the expulsion of Sir William Crichton, but resigned the office a few weeks later on finding that his duties interfered with his ecclesiastical work. When the schism in the papacy assumed a very critical character, Kennedy undertook a journey to Rome with the intention of promoting a reconciliation. He obtained a safe-conduct through England from Henry VI, dated 28 May 1446. His efforts were unsuccessful, and he probably soon returned home. Another safe-conduct for himself and others "coming to England", dated 20 May 1455, probably marks the termination of another visit to the continent.
n 1450 he founded St Salvator's College in St. Andrews, endowing it liberally with the teinds of four parishes that had formerly belonged to the bishopric. His foundation was confirmed by Pope Nicholas V by a bull dated 27 February 1451, and a few years later some alterations made in the foundation-charter received the approval of Pope Pius II by bulls dated 13 September and 21 October 1458. Shortly afterwards Kennedy established the Grey Friars monastery in St Andrews. He also built a large vessel called the "Saint Salvator", which was frequently used by royal personages, and regarded as a marvel, until it was wrecked near Bamburgh while on a voyage to Flanders in 1472. After the death of James II in 1460, Kennedy was chosen one of the seven regents during the minority of James III, and to him was committed not only the charge of the kingdom, but the pacification of the nobles associated with him in the government.
Death and legacy
He died on 24 May 1465. The date is usually given as 1466, but a charter belonging to the abbey of Arbroath, dated 13 July 1465, speaks of him as lately deceased, and of his see as vacant. Kennedy was buried in a magnificent tomb which he had caused to be built in St Salvator's Chapel. He had, it is believed, procured the design and materials from Italy. The ruins are still visible.
It is stated by Bishop Lesley that Kennedy's college, ship, and monument each cost an exceptional amount of money. Kennedy was highly esteemed during his lifetime, both as an ecclesiastic and a politician. Even George Buchanan says that he excelled all his predecessors and successors in the see, and praises his zeal for reform. Kennedy is said to have left behind him several treatises. The only titles preserved are Historia sui Temporis and Monita Politica.
St Andrews (Scots: Saunt Aundraes; Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The city is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world, the oldest in Scotland and one of Britain's most prestigious. The University is an integral part of the burgh, and during term time students make up approximately one third of the city's population. St Andrews has a population of 16,680, making this the fifth largest settlement in Fife.
The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, Scots: Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews and then, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St Andrews.
The name St Andrews is not the town or church's original name. Originally it was CellrÃgmonaid ("church of the king's mounth" hence Cill Rìmhinn) located at CennrÃgmonaid ("head of the king's mounth"); hence the town became Kilrymont (i.e. CellrÃgmonaid) in the non-Gaelic orthography of the High Middle Ages). Today St Andrews has replaced both Kilrymont (and variants) as well as the older English term Anderston as the name of the town and bishopric.
The bishopric itself appears to originate in the period 700-900. By the 11th century, it is clear that it is the most important bishopric in Scotland.
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![1460-1465 AD., Scotland, James III, issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St. Andrews, Penny, S. 5311.
Scotland, James III (1460-1488), Ecclesiastical issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St Andrews, 1460-1465 AD.,
(Plack or "Crosraguel") Penny (19-20 mm / 1,79 g), billon or bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↙ (ca. 220°),
Obv.: + IAC[O]BVS: DЄI: GRA RЄX , rosette (thistle?) in centre of orb, within two beaded inner circles, double saltire stops.
Rev.: + CRVX: PЄLLIT: OIЄ: CRI: , Latin cross with tressure of four arcs, stars in angles, all within beaded inner circle.
S. 5311 ; SHRT - .
Peter ("Figleaf") added: "CRVX PELLIT OIE CRI should have been crvx pellit omne crimen - the cross drives out all crime. Medieval church dignitaries were not always known for correct latin or correct coins. It is still not clear if James Kennedy had royal permission to issue these coins. What is very clear is that the coins were quite underweight. They were banned, but the owners were not compensated. The outlaw coins became an international currency as the fishermen of East Scotland, where the coins had been issued, sailed before the wind, ending up in North Sea ports from Denmark to France. At least there, their coins were worth a little something as they were accepted by weight."
"Ukrainii Pyat": "Curiously most of these coins are found near the Crosraguel Abbey in Scotland where it is conjectured they were minted. At any rate they were only in circulation for a very short time and were never mentioned in Scottish records from authorised coinages which is what leads experts to believe they were made ecclesiastically."
from the wiki pages:
James Kennedy (Scottish Gaelic: Seumas Ceanadach) (ca. 1408–1465) was a 15th-century Bishop of Dunkeld (Dunkeld (Scots: Dunkell, from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland) and Bishop of St. Andrews, who participated in the Council of Florence and was the last man to govern the diocese of St. Andrews purely as bishop. One of the Gaelic clan of Carrick he became the principal figure in the government of the minority of King James II of Scotland as well as founder of St Salvator's College, St Andrews.
He was the third and youngest son of Sir James Kennedy of Dunure, Ayrshire, and Princess Mary of Scotland, widow of the 1st Earl of Angus and second daughter of King Robert III of Scotland. His eldest brother was Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy. James was born about 1408, and was sent to the continent to complete his studies in canon law and theology.
He was a canon and sub-deacon of Dunkeld until his provision and election to that see on 1 July 1437, after the death of Domhnall MacNeachdainn, the last elected bishop who died on his way to obtain consecration from the Pope. He received consecration in 1438, the following year.
He set himself to reform abuses, and attended the general council of Florence, in order to obtain authority from Pope Eugenius IV for his contemplated reforms. Eugenius did not encourage him in his schemes, but gave him the presentation to the abbacy of Scone in commendam. Bishop James, however, was not Bishop of Dunkeld for long.
The death of Henry Wardlaw left the bishopric of St Andrews, the most prestigious Scottish see, vacant, and it was James who was postulated to the vacancy. This occurred while James was at the court of Pope Eugenius IV, busy at Florence on the historical Council of Florence. However, before royal letters arrived bearing news of James' election, the Pope had already provided his translation to the see. Formal translation took place on 8 June 1440. He was an active and successful bishop. He celebrated his first mass in his St Andrews Cathedral on 30 September 1442, and at once resumed his efforts in reform. During the minority of James II, Kennedy took a leading part in political affairs, and was frequently able to reconcile contending noblemen.
He was made Chancellor of Scotland in May 1444 after the expulsion of Sir William Crichton, but resigned the office a few weeks later on finding that his duties interfered with his ecclesiastical work. When the schism in the papacy assumed a very critical character, Kennedy undertook a journey to Rome with the intention of promoting a reconciliation. He obtained a safe-conduct through England from Henry VI, dated 28 May 1446. His efforts were unsuccessful, and he probably soon returned home. Another safe-conduct for himself and others "coming to England", dated 20 May 1455, probably marks the termination of another visit to the continent.
n 1450 he founded St Salvator's College in St. Andrews, endowing it liberally with the teinds of four parishes that had formerly belonged to the bishopric. His foundation was confirmed by Pope Nicholas V by a bull dated 27 February 1451, and a few years later some alterations made in the foundation-charter received the approval of Pope Pius II by bulls dated 13 September and 21 October 1458. Shortly afterwards Kennedy established the Grey Friars monastery in St Andrews. He also built a large vessel called the "Saint Salvator", which was frequently used by royal personages, and regarded as a marvel, until it was wrecked near Bamburgh while on a voyage to Flanders in 1472. After the death of James II in 1460, Kennedy was chosen one of the seven regents during the minority of James III, and to him was committed not only the charge of the kingdom, but the pacification of the nobles associated with him in the government.
Death and legacy
He died on 24 May 1465. The date is usually given as 1466, but a charter belonging to the abbey of Arbroath, dated 13 July 1465, speaks of him as lately deceased, and of his see as vacant. Kennedy was buried in a magnificent tomb which he had caused to be built in St Salvator's Chapel. He had, it is believed, procured the design and materials from Italy. The ruins are still visible.
It is stated by Bishop Lesley that Kennedy's college, ship, and monument each cost an exceptional amount of money. Kennedy was highly esteemed during his lifetime, both as an ecclesiastic and a politician. Even George Buchanan says that he excelled all his predecessors and successors in the see, and praises his zeal for reform. Kennedy is said to have left behind him several treatises. The only titles preserved are Historia sui Temporis and Monita Politica.
St Andrews (Scots: Saunt Aundraes; Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The city is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world, the oldest in Scotland and one of Britain's most prestigious. The University is an integral part of the burgh, and during term time students make up approximately one third of the city's population. St Andrews has a population of 16,680, making this the fifth largest settlement in Fife.
The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, Scots: Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews and then, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St Andrews.
The name St Andrews is not the town or church's original name. Originally it was CellrÃgmonaid ("church of the king's mounth" hence Cill Rìmhinn) located at CennrÃgmonaid ("head of the king's mounth"); hence the town became Kilrymont (i.e. CellrÃgmonaid) in the non-Gaelic orthography of the High Middle Ages). Today St Andrews has replaced both Kilrymont (and variants) as well as the older English term Anderston as the name of the town and bishopric.
The bishopric itself appears to originate in the period 700-900. By the 11th century, it is clear that it is the most important bishopric in Scotland.
Schlüsselwörter: Scotland James Ecclesiastical Bishop James Kennedy Saint Andrews Penny Rosette Orb beaded Circle Latin Cross Arc Star](images/image.gif?id=1241651739501 "Klicken für Bild in voller Größe
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1460-1465 AD., Scotland, James III, issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St. Andrews, Penny, S. 5311.
Scotland, James III (1460-1488), Ecclesiastical issue under Bishop James Kennedy of St Andrews, 1460-1465 AD.,
(Plack or \"Crosraguel\") Penny (19-20 mm / 1,79 g), billon or bronze, axes irregular alignment ↑↙ (ca. 220°),
Obv.: + IAC[O]BVS: DЄI: GRA RЄX , rosette (thistle?) in centre of orb, within two beaded inner circles, double saltire stops.
Rev.: + CRVX: PЄLLIT: OIЄ: CRI: , Latin cross with tressure of four arcs, stars in angles, all within beaded inner circle.
S. 5311 ; SHRT - .
Peter (\"Figleaf\") added: \"CRVX PELLIT OIE CRI should have been crvx pellit omne crimen - the cross drives out all crime. Medieval church dignitaries were not always known for correct latin or correct coins. It is still not clear if James Kennedy had royal permission to issue these coins. What is very clear is that the coins were quite underweight. They were banned, but the owners were not compensated. The outlaw coins became an international currency as the fishermen of East Scotland, where the coins had been issued, sailed before the wind, ending up in North Sea ports from Denmark to France. At least there, their coins were worth a little something as they were accepted by weight.\"
\"Ukrainii Pyat\": \"Curiously most of these coins are found near the Crosraguel Abbey in Scotland where it is conjectured they were minted. At any rate they were only in circulation for a very short time and were never mentioned in Scottish records from authorised coinages which is what leads experts to believe they were made ecclesiastically.\"
from the wiki pages:
James Kennedy (Scottish Gaelic: Seumas Ceanadach) (ca. 1408–1465) was a 15th-century Bishop of Dunkeld (Dunkeld (Scots: Dunkell, from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland) and Bishop of St. Andrews, who participated in the Council of Florence and was the last man to govern the diocese of St. Andrews purely as bishop. One of the Gaelic clan of Carrick he became the principal figure in the government of the minority of King James II of Scotland as well as founder of St Salvator's College, St Andrews.
He was the third and youngest son of Sir James Kennedy of Dunure, Ayrshire, and Princess Mary of Scotland, widow of the 1st Earl of Angus and second daughter of King Robert III of Scotland. His eldest brother was Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy. James was born about 1408, and was sent to the continent to complete his studies in canon law and theology.
He was a canon and sub-deacon of Dunkeld until his provision and election to that see on 1 July 1437, after the death of Domhnall MacNeachdainn, the last elected bishop who died on his way to obtain consecration from the Pope. He received consecration in 1438, the following year.
He set himself to reform abuses, and attended the general council of Florence, in order to obtain authority from Pope Eugenius IV for his contemplated reforms. Eugenius did not encourage him in his schemes, but gave him the presentation to the abbacy of Scone in commendam. Bishop James, however, was not Bishop of Dunkeld for long.
The death of Henry Wardlaw left the bishopric of St Andrews, the most prestigious Scottish see, vacant, and it was James who was postulated to the vacancy. This occurred while James was at the court of Pope Eugenius IV, busy at Florence on the historical Council of Florence. However, before royal letters arrived bearing news of James' election, the Pope had already provided his translation to the see. Formal translation took place on 8 June 1440. He was an active and successful bishop. He celebrated his first mass in his St Andrews Cathedral on 30 September 1442, and at once resumed his efforts in reform. During the minority of James II, Kennedy took a leading part in political affairs, and was frequently able to reconcile contending noblemen.
He was made Chancellor of Scotland in May 1444 after the expulsion of Sir William Crichton, but resigned the office a few weeks later on finding that his duties interfered with his ecclesiastical work. When the schism in the papacy assumed a very critical character, Kennedy undertook a journey to Rome with the intention of promoting a reconciliation. He obtained a safe-conduct through England from Henry VI, dated 28 May 1446. His efforts were unsuccessful, and he probably soon returned home. Another safe-conduct for himself and others \"coming to England\", dated 20 May 1455, probably marks the termination of another visit to the continent.
n 1450 he founded St Salvator's College in St. Andrews, endowing it liberally with the teinds of four parishes that had formerly belonged to the bishopric. His foundation was confirmed by Pope Nicholas V by a bull dated 27 February 1451, and a few years later some alterations made in the foundation-charter received the approval of Pope Pius II by bulls dated 13 September and 21 October 1458. Shortly afterwards Kennedy established the Grey Friars monastery in St Andrews. He also built a large vessel called the \"Saint Salvator\", which was frequently used by royal personages, and regarded as a marvel, until it was wrecked near Bamburgh while on a voyage to Flanders in 1472. After the death of James II in 1460, Kennedy was chosen one of the seven regents during the minority of James III, and to him was committed not only the charge of the kingdom, but the pacification of the nobles associated with him in the government.
Death and legacy
He died on 24 May 1465. The date is usually given as 1466, but a charter belonging to the abbey of Arbroath, dated 13 July 1465, speaks of him as lately deceased, and of his see as vacant. Kennedy was buried in a magnificent tomb which he had caused to be built in St Salvator's Chapel. He had, it is believed, procured the design and materials from Italy. The ruins are still visible.
It is stated by Bishop Lesley that Kennedy's college, ship, and monument each cost an exceptional amount of money. Kennedy was highly esteemed during his lifetime, both as an ecclesiastic and a politician. Even George Buchanan says that he excelled all his predecessors and successors in the see, and praises his zeal for reform. Kennedy is said to have left behind him several treatises. The only titles preserved are Historia sui Temporis and Monita Politica.
St Andrews (Scots: Saunt Aundraes; Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The city is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world, the oldest in Scotland and one of Britain's most prestigious. The University is an integral part of the burgh, and during term time students make up approximately one third of the city's population. St Andrews has a population of 16,680, making this the fifth largest settlement in Fife.
The Bishop of St. Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Chill Rìmhinn, Scots: Beeshop o Saunt Andras) was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of St Andrews and then, as Archbishop of St Andrews (Scottish Gaelic: Àrd-easbaig Chill Rìmhinn), the Archdiocese of St Andrews.
The name St Andrews is not the town or church's original name. Originally it was CellrÃgmonaid (\"church of the king's mounth\" hence Cill Rìmhinn) located at CennrÃgmonaid (\"head of the king's mounth\"); hence the town became Kilrymont (i.e. CellrÃgmonaid) in the non-Gaelic orthography of the High Middle Ages). Today St Andrews has replaced both Kilrymont (and variants) as well as the older English term Anderston as the name of the town and bishopric.
The bishopric itself appears to originate in the period 700-900. By the 11th century, it is clear that it is the most important bishopric in Scotland.
Schlüsselwörter: Scotland James Ecclesiastical Bishop James Kennedy Saint Andrews Penny Rosette Orb beaded Circle Latin Cross Arc Star")