Caesarea in Cappadocia, 190-191 AD., Commodus, AE 30, SNG von Aulock 6446.

Caesareia in Cappadocia (Galatia), Commodus, 190-191 AD.,
Æ 30 (28-30 mm / 13,76 g),
Obv.: [M] KOMO - ANTWNINO , laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.
Rev.: MHTPOΠO - KAI[CAPЄIAC] , agalma of Mt. Argaeus on altar inscribed ET ΛI ( = regnal year 31).
Sydenham 374 var. ; SNG v. Aulock 6446 ; RPC online temporary â„– 8071 (18 pieces listed)..

Caesareia, now Kaisariyeh, at the foot of Mount Argaeus. Its original name was Mazaca, and the place was the capital of the Cappadocian kings. It was renamed Eusebeia and finally called Caesareia.
Caesarea Mazaca (modern Kayseri)(Greek/Byzantine: Καισάρεια) is an ancient Anatolian town which served as the residence of the kings of Cappadocia. Its geographical location has made it a place of commercial importance throughout history. It lay on the ancient trade route from Sinope to the Euphrates, on the Persian Royal Road from Sardis to Susa, and on the great Roman highway from Ephesus to the East.
Thought to be named Caesarea by Claudius, it stood on a low spur on the north side of Erciyes Dagh (Mons Argaeus). The site, now called Eskishehr, shows only a few traces of the old town. It was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I of Persia (Sapor) after he had defeated Valerian in AD 260. At this time it was stated to have contained 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century, bishop Basil established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about one mile to the northeast, which gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian.
Within the walls lies the greater part of Kayseri rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries. The town was captured by the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, 1064 and by the Mongols, 1243, before passing to the Osmanli Dynasty.
Kayseri has been a continuous settlement since 3000 BC. The city has been a vital trade center as it lies on what was the Great Silk Road. As being one of three oldest cities founded in Anatolia as well as its proximity to major trade routes, the city bears one of the oldest historical heritage on the planet.

There were three golden age periods for Kayseri. First, dating back to 2000BC, city was the trade post between the Assyrians and the Hittite empire. Second golden age was lived during 200-300AD under Roman rule; at one point the population of the city was almost half a million. Third golden age is during the reign of Seljuks, when the city was the second capital of the state. The 1500-year-old Roman castle is still standing in a good shape at the central square of the city.