The site of the ancient town of Pautalia today is named Kyustendil. It is located in the very west of Bulgaria, ca. 80 km southwest of Sofia and 22 km from the border with the Republic of Macedonia.
A Thracian settlement emerged at the place of the modern town in the 5th-4th century BC, which was turned into an improtant stronghold, balneological resort and trade junction called Pautalia by the Romans in the 1st century AD.
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Sapaeans, Sapaei or Sapaioi (Ancient Greek, "Σαπαίοι") were a Thracian tribe close to the Greek city of Abdera. One of their kings was named Abrupolis and had allied himself with the Romans. They ruled Thrace after the Odrysians until its incorporation by the Roman Empire as a province.
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